Ygtjki

I face some issue with microSD on a Lenovo S130-14IGM. My laptop is running lastest Debian 9.
I have a microSD with an ext4 partition located on /dev/mmcblk1p3 which behave strangely.

When I try to copy /home to it, it's surprisingly fast (it's normal microSD, not an extreme or pro model) :

use@server:~$ df -hP /home
/dev/mmcblk0p3 11G 226M 11G 3% /home

use@server:~$ time sudo cp -a /home/ /mnt/backup/home.bak 
real 0m2,249s 
user 0m0,109s 
sys 0m0,944s 

Then when I try to deleted it, I does not work.

use@server:~$ time sudo rm -rf /mnt/backup/home.bak

The command line prompt stay stuck. After a Ctrl+C, it tells me that the device is read protected.
I cannot remount it in read and write. When I reboot I face this kinds of errors :

[ 6.375297] mmc1: cannot verify signal voltage switch
[ 7.825684] print_req_error: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 88151744
[ 7.825795] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 532952, lost async page write
[ 7.825927] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 532953, lost async page write
[ 7.826035] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 532954, lost async page write
[ 7.826142] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 532955, lost async page write
[ 7.826248] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 532956, lost async page write
[ 7.826353] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 532957, lost async page write
[ 7.826458] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 532958, lost async page write
[ 7.826563] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 532959, lost async page write
[ 7.826672] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 532960, lost async page write
[ 7.826779] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 532961, lost async page write
[ 11.283705] EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)

I tried with different microSD, always the same problem.
Is this a physical problem ? Or and OS related problem ?

EDIT : more information :

[ 101.259951] mmc1: cannot verify signal voltage switch
[ 102.762217] print_req_error: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 96471296
[ 102.762232] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 1572896, lost async page write
[...]
[ 102.762283] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 1572904, lost async page write
[ 102.762287] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 1572905, lost async page write
[ 102.826584] JBD2: recovery failed
[ 102.826595] EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p3): error loading journal
[ 107.788103] mmc1: card 1234 removed
[ 114.171661] mmc1: cannot verify signal voltage switch
[ 114.295837] mmc1: new ultra high speed SDR104 SDXC card at address 1234
[ 114.297762] mmcblk1: mmc1:1234 SA64G 57.7 GiB
[ 114.298854] mmcblk1: p1 p2 p3
[ 118.234255] mmc1: cannot verify signal voltage switch
[ 119.713075] print_req_error: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 96471296
[ 119.713091] buffer_io_error: 118 callbacks suppressed
[ 119.713095] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 1572896, lost async page write
[ 119.713120] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 1572897, lost async page write
[...]
[ 119.713167] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p3, logical block 1572905, lost async page write
[ 119.772674] JBD2: recovery failed
[ 119.772685] EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p3): error loading journal
[ 125.129966] EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 261.588698] mmc1: cannot verify signal voltage switch
[ 263.092258] print_req_error: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 42240000
[...]
[ 263.402597] print_req_error: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 42243072
[ 263.402610] EXT4-fs warning (device mmcblk1p2): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 917598 (offset 0 size 8388608 starting block 5280512)
[...]
[ 401.751429] mmc1: cannot verify signal voltage switch
[ 403.197791] print_req_error: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 71374080
[ 543.585526] EXT4-fs warning: 25 callbacks suppressed

$ lspci | grep -i card
02:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5229 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)

I tried this kernel driver without success : https://github.com/Zibri/Realtek-rts5229-linux-driver

Assuming /mnt/backup/home.bak is a folder with write access, this sounds like a physical problem, or corrupted partition table. You should run fsck. For backup partition ddrescue is recommended.

After research i found out that it may OS related. Do you have SDHC or SDXC cards? There may some incompatiblity with Card Reader. The first error message mmc1: cannot verify signal voltage switch is kernel related. Someone has reported this as bug for Fedora 28. But is unclear to me if it is really a bug or hardware incompatiblity. Do you have the possibility to test the Card Reader with Windows?