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Fedora 29, Intel HD audio, no sound from speakers or headphone jack



The Next CEO of Stack OverflowNo sound with Mint 12 and Realtek ALC892How to enable both built-in audio output and HDMI audio output with PulseAudio?How do I set the output port on my audio card?No sound with audio jackNo sound through headphones despite pavucontrol (debian stretch)ALSA - Traktor Audio 2 - How to split front and rear stereo channels / How to debug dmixGarbled audio when starts playing then clears up CentOS 7.3Sound in Linux - ALSA driver prevent to play music in more than 1 programIs there a linux mint driver for the sound card of the iMac 2017?audio not working on debian stretch










3















I am using Fedora 29 and am not able to get any sound out of my machine. As far as the operating system is concerned (when using alsamixer, pavucontrol, etc.) sound should be working, nothing is muted or anything like that, but no sound is coming from speakers or from the headphone jack. I have tried uninstalling/reinstalling pulseaudio, tried some things like creating /etc/modprobe.d/sound.conf (have also tried calling it /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf) with various model options e.g:



# cat /etc/modprobe.d/sound.conf
options snd_hda_intel model=imac27


This is a 27" iMac (iMac18,3)



I have posted some relevant info about the system below, let me know if any further info is required. If someone can point me in the right direction it would be much appreciated.



Perhaps this might clue someone in for a start? 



# aplay /usr/share/sounds/gnome/default/alerts/bark.ogg
ALSA lib pulse.c:243:(pulse_connect) PulseAudio: Unable to connect: Connection refused

aplay: main:828: audio open error: Connection refused


(yes I have googled this error quite extensively)



General info:



# uname -r
4.20.4-200.fc29.x86_64

# lspci | grep Audio

00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller (rev 31)
01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Ellesmere [Radeon RX 570/580]


I just want the normal built in speakers and headphone jack, as these machines are to be deployed in educational labs, I'm not interested in getting the HDMI audio going (Radeon device).



# lsmod | grep snd
snd_hda_codec_generic 90112 1
snd_hda_codec_hdmi 61440 1
snd_hda_intel 49152 7
snd_hda_codec 155648 3 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel
snd_hda_core 98304 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec
snd_hwdep 16384 1 snd_hda_codec
snd_seq 86016 0
snd_seq_device 16384 1 snd_seq
snd_pcm 118784 5 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core
snd_timer 40960 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm
snd 94208 22 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_timer,snd_pcm
soundcore 16384 1 snd

# aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: Generic Analog [Generic Analog]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 11: HDMI 5 [HDMI 5]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 12: HDMI 6 [HDMI 6]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0


Output from 



# alsa-info.sh --upload


http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=d4a05b5de509214a20cb2191dc3d9fbbbe377814






fedora audio pulseaudio







share|improve this question






















  • Hi, just posting to say that this issue is still unresolved. Any clues or help would be appreciated. Thank you.

    – justincs
    Mar 28 at 2:41















3















I am using Fedora 29 and am not able to get any sound out of my machine. As far as the operating system is concerned (when using alsamixer, pavucontrol, etc.) sound should be working, nothing is muted or anything like that, but no sound is coming from speakers or from the headphone jack. I have tried uninstalling/reinstalling pulseaudio, tried some things like creating /etc/modprobe.d/sound.conf (have also tried calling it /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf) with various model options e.g:



# cat /etc/modprobe.d/sound.conf
options snd_hda_intel model=imac27


This is a 27" iMac (iMac18,3)



I have posted some relevant info about the system below, let me know if any further info is required. If someone can point me in the right direction it would be much appreciated.



Perhaps this might clue someone in for a start? 



# aplay /usr/share/sounds/gnome/default/alerts/bark.ogg
ALSA lib pulse.c:243:(pulse_connect) PulseAudio: Unable to connect: Connection refused

aplay: main:828: audio open error: Connection refused


(yes I have googled this error quite extensively)



General info:



# uname -r
4.20.4-200.fc29.x86_64

# lspci | grep Audio

00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller (rev 31)
01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Ellesmere [Radeon RX 570/580]


I just want the normal built in speakers and headphone jack, as these machines are to be deployed in educational labs, I'm not interested in getting the HDMI audio going (Radeon device).



# lsmod | grep snd
snd_hda_codec_generic 90112 1
snd_hda_codec_hdmi 61440 1
snd_hda_intel 49152 7
snd_hda_codec 155648 3 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel
snd_hda_core 98304 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec
snd_hwdep 16384 1 snd_hda_codec
snd_seq 86016 0
snd_seq_device 16384 1 snd_seq
snd_pcm 118784 5 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core
snd_timer 40960 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm
snd 94208 22 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_timer,snd_pcm
soundcore 16384 1 snd

# aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: Generic Analog [Generic Analog]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 11: HDMI 5 [HDMI 5]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 12: HDMI 6 [HDMI 6]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0


Output from 



# alsa-info.sh --upload


http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=d4a05b5de509214a20cb2191dc3d9fbbbe377814






fedora audio pulseaudio







share|improve this question






















  • Hi, just posting to say that this issue is still unresolved. Any clues or help would be appreciated. Thank you.

    – justincs
    Mar 28 at 2:41













3












3








3








I am using Fedora 29 and am not able to get any sound out of my machine. As far as the operating system is concerned (when using alsamixer, pavucontrol, etc.) sound should be working, nothing is muted or anything like that, but no sound is coming from speakers or from the headphone jack. I have tried uninstalling/reinstalling pulseaudio, tried some things like creating /etc/modprobe.d/sound.conf (have also tried calling it /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf) with various model options e.g:



# cat /etc/modprobe.d/sound.conf
options snd_hda_intel model=imac27


This is a 27" iMac (iMac18,3)



I have posted some relevant info about the system below, let me know if any further info is required. If someone can point me in the right direction it would be much appreciated.



Perhaps this might clue someone in for a start? 



# aplay /usr/share/sounds/gnome/default/alerts/bark.ogg
ALSA lib pulse.c:243:(pulse_connect) PulseAudio: Unable to connect: Connection refused

aplay: main:828: audio open error: Connection refused


(yes I have googled this error quite extensively)



General info:



# uname -r
4.20.4-200.fc29.x86_64

# lspci | grep Audio

00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller (rev 31)
01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Ellesmere [Radeon RX 570/580]


I just want the normal built in speakers and headphone jack, as these machines are to be deployed in educational labs, I'm not interested in getting the HDMI audio going (Radeon device).



# lsmod | grep snd
snd_hda_codec_generic 90112 1
snd_hda_codec_hdmi 61440 1
snd_hda_intel 49152 7
snd_hda_codec 155648 3 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel
snd_hda_core 98304 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec
snd_hwdep 16384 1 snd_hda_codec
snd_seq 86016 0
snd_seq_device 16384 1 snd_seq
snd_pcm 118784 5 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core
snd_timer 40960 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm
snd 94208 22 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_timer,snd_pcm
soundcore 16384 1 snd

# aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: Generic Analog [Generic Analog]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 11: HDMI 5 [HDMI 5]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 12: HDMI 6 [HDMI 6]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0


Output from 



# alsa-info.sh --upload


http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=d4a05b5de509214a20cb2191dc3d9fbbbe377814






fedora audio pulseaudio







share|improve this question














I am using Fedora 29 and am not able to get any sound out of my machine. As far as the operating system is concerned (when using alsamixer, pavucontrol, etc.) sound should be working, nothing is muted or anything like that, but no sound is coming from speakers or from the headphone jack. I have tried uninstalling/reinstalling pulseaudio, tried some things like creating /etc/modprobe.d/sound.conf (have also tried calling it /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf) with various model options e.g:



# cat /etc/modprobe.d/sound.conf
options snd_hda_intel model=imac27


This is a 27" iMac (iMac18,3)



I have posted some relevant info about the system below, let me know if any further info is required. If someone can point me in the right direction it would be much appreciated.



Perhaps this might clue someone in for a start? 



# aplay /usr/share/sounds/gnome/default/alerts/bark.ogg
ALSA lib pulse.c:243:(pulse_connect) PulseAudio: Unable to connect: Connection refused

aplay: main:828: audio open error: Connection refused


(yes I have googled this error quite extensively)



General info:



# uname -r
4.20.4-200.fc29.x86_64

# lspci | grep Audio

00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller (rev 31)
01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Ellesmere [Radeon RX 570/580]


I just want the normal built in speakers and headphone jack, as these machines are to be deployed in educational labs, I'm not interested in getting the HDMI audio going (Radeon device).



# lsmod | grep snd
snd_hda_codec_generic 90112 1
snd_hda_codec_hdmi 61440 1
snd_hda_intel 49152 7
snd_hda_codec 155648 3 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel
snd_hda_core 98304 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec
snd_hwdep 16384 1 snd_hda_codec
snd_seq 86016 0
snd_seq_device 16384 1 snd_seq
snd_pcm 118784 5 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core
snd_timer 40960 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm
snd 94208 22 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_timer,snd_pcm
soundcore 16384 1 snd

# aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: Generic Analog [Generic Analog]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 11: HDMI 5 [HDMI 5]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 12: HDMI 6 [HDMI 6]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0


Output from 



# alsa-info.sh --upload


http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=d4a05b5de509214a20cb2191dc3d9fbbbe377814






fedora audio pulseaudio




fedora audio pulseaudio






share|improve this question













share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked Feb 14 at 21:47









justincsjustincs

161




161












  • Hi, just posting to say that this issue is still unresolved. Any clues or help would be appreciated. Thank you.

    – justincs
    Mar 28 at 2:41

















  • Hi, just posting to say that this issue is still unresolved. Any clues or help would be appreciated. Thank you.

    – justincs
    Mar 28 at 2:41
















Hi, just posting to say that this issue is still unresolved. Any clues or help would be appreciated. Thank you.

– justincs
Mar 28 at 2:41





Hi, just posting to say that this issue is still unresolved. Any clues or help would be appreciated. Thank you.

– justincs
Mar 28 at 2:41










0






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대한민국 목차 국명 지리 역사 정치 국방 경제 사회 문화 국제 순위 관련 항목 각주 외부 링크 둘러보기 메뉴북위 37° 34′ 08″ 동경 126° 58′ 36″ / 북위 37.568889° 동경 126.976667°  / 37.568889; 126.976667ehThe Korean Repository문단을 편집문단을 편집추가해Clarkson PLC 사Report for Selected Countries and Subjects-Korea“Human Development Index and its components: P.198”“http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95”"한국은 국제법상 한반도 유일 합법정부 아니다" - 오마이뉴스 모바일Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: South Korea격동의 역사와 함께한 조선일보 90년 : 조선일보 인수해 혁신시킨 신석우, 임시정부 때는 '대한민국' 국호(國號) 정해《우리가 몰랐던 우리 역사: 나라 이름의 비밀을 찾아가는 역사 여행》“남북 공식호칭 ‘남한’‘북한’으로 쓴다”“Corea 대 Korea, 누가 이긴 거야?”국내기후자료 - 한국[김대중 前 대통령 서거] 과감한 구조개혁 'DJ노믹스'로 최단기간 환란극복 :: 네이버 뉴스“이라크 "韓-쿠르드 유전개발 MOU 승인 안해"(종합)”“해외 우리국민 추방사례 43%가 일본”차기전차 K2'흑표'의 세계 최고 전력 분석, 쿠키뉴스 엄기영, 2007-03-02두산인프라, 헬기잡는 장갑차 'K21'...내년부터 공급, 고뉴스 이대준, 2008-10-30과거 내용 찾기mk 뉴스 - 구매력 기준으로 보면 한국 1인당 소득 3만弗과거 내용 찾기"The N-11: More Than an Acronym"Archived조선일보 최우석, 2008-11-01Global 500 2008: Countries - South Korea“몇년째 '시한폭탄'... 가계부채, 올해는 터질까”가구당 부채 5000만원 처음 넘어서“‘빚’으로 내몰리는 사회.. 위기의 가계대출”“［경제365］ 공공부문 부채 급증…800조 육박”“"소득 양극화 다소 완화...불평등은 여전"”“공정사회·공생발전 한참 멀었네”iSuppli，08年2QのDRAMシェア・ランキングを発表(08/8/11)South Korea dominates shipbuilding industry | Stock Market News & Stocks to Watch from StraightStocks한국 자동차 생산, 3년 연속 세계 5위자동차수출 '현대-삼성 웃고 기아-대우-쌍용은 울고' 과거 내용 찾기동반성장위 창립 1주년 맞아Archived"중기적합 3개업종 합의 무시한 채 선정"李대통령, 사업 무분별 확장 소상공인 생계 위협 질타삼성-LG, 서민업종인 빵·분식사업 잇따라 철수상생은 뒷전…SSM ‘몸집 불리기’ 혈안Archived“경부고속도에 '아시안하이웨이' 표지판”'철의 실크로드' 앞서 '말(言)의 실크로드'부터, 프레시안 정창현, 2008-10-01“'서울 지하철은 안전한가?'”“서울시 “올해 안에 모든 지하철역 스크린도어 설치””“부산지하철 1,2호선 승강장 안전펜스 설치 완료”“전교조, 정부 노조 통계서 처음 빠져”“［Weekly BIZ］ 도요타 '제로 이사회'가 리콜 사태 불러들였다”“S Korea slams high tuition costs”““정치가 여론 양극화 부채질… 합리주의 절실””“〈"`촛불집회'는 민주주의의 질적 변화 상징"〉”““촛불집회가 민주주의 왜곡 초래””“국민 65%, "한국 노사관계 대립적"”“한국 국가경쟁력 27위‥노사관계 '꼴찌'”“제대로 형성되지 않은 대한민국 이념지형”“［신년기획-갈등의 시대］ 갈등지수 OECD 4위…사회적 손실 GDP 27% 무려 300조”“2012 총선-대선의 키워드는 '국민과 소통'”“한국 삶의 질 27위, 2000년과 2008년 연속 하위권 머물러”“［해피 코리아］ 행복점수 68점…해외 평가선 '낙제점'”“한국 어린이·청소년 행복지수 3년 연속 OECD ‘꼴찌’”“한국 이혼율 OECD중 8위”“［통계청］ 한국 이혼율 OECD 4위”“오피니언 ［이렇게 생각한다］ `부부의 날` 에 돌아본 이혼율 1위 한국”“Suicide Rates by Country, Global Health Observatory Data Repository.”“1. 또 다른 차별”“오피니언 ［편집자에게］ '왕따'와 '패거리 정치' 심리는 닮은꼴”“［미래한국리포트］ 무한경쟁에 빠진 대한민국”“대학생 98% "외모가 경쟁력이라는 말 동의"”“특급호텔 웨딩·200만원대 유모차… "남보다 더…" 호화病, 고질병 됐다”“［스트레스 공화국］ ① 경쟁사회, 스트레스 쌓인다”““매일 30여명 자살 한국, 의사보다 무속인에…””“"자살 부르는 '우울증', 환자 중 85% 치료 안 받아"”“정신병원을 가다”“대한민국도 ‘묻지마 범죄’,안전지대 아니다”“유엔 "학생 '성적 지향'에 따른 차별 금지하라"”“유엔아동권리위원회 보고서 및 번역본 원문”“고졸 성공스토리 담은 '제빵왕 김탁구' 드라마 나온다”“‘빛 좋은 개살구’ 고졸 취업…실습 대신 착취”원본 문서“정신건강, 사회적 편견부터 고쳐드립니다”‘소통’과 ‘행복’에 목 마른 사회가 잠들어 있던 ‘심리학’ 깨웠다“［포토］ 사유리-곽금주 교수의 유쾌한 심리상담”“"올해 한국인 평균 영화관람횟수 세계 1위"(종합)”“［게임연중기획］ 게임은 문화다-여가활동 1순위 게임”“영화속 ‘영어 지상주의’ …“왠지 씁쓸한데””“2월 `신문 부수 인증기관` 지정..방송법 후속작업”“무료신문 성장동력 ‘차별성’과 ‘갈등해소’”대한민국 국회 법률지식정보시스템"Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: South Korea"“amp;vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&path=인구·가구%20>%20인구총조사%20>%20인구부문%20>%20 총조사인구(2005)%20>%20전수부문&oper_YN=Y&item=&keyword=종교별%20인구& amp;lang_mode=kor&list_id= 2005년 통계청 인구 총조사”원본 문서“한국인이 좋아하는 취미와 운동 (2004-2009)”“한국인이 좋아하는 취미와 운동 (2004-2014)”Archived“한국, `부분적 언론자유국' 강등〈프리덤하우스〉”“국경없는기자회 "한국, 인터넷감시 대상국"”“한국, 조선산업 1위 유지(S. Korea Stays Top Shipbuilding Nation) RZD-Partner Portal”원본 문서“한국, 4년 만에 ‘선박건조 1위’”“옛 마산시,인터넷속도 세계 1위”“"한국 초고속 인터넷망 세계1위"”“인터넷·휴대폰 요금, 외국보다 훨씬 비싸”“한국 관세행정 6년 연속 세계 '1위'”“한국 교통사고 사망자 수 OECD 회원국 중 2위”“결핵 후진국' 한국, 환자가 급증한 이유는”“수술은 신중해야… 자칫하면 생명 위협”대한민국분류대한민국의 지도대한민국 정부대표 다국어포털대한민국 전자정부대한민국 국회한국방송공사about korea and information korea브리태니커 백과사전(한국편)론리플래닛의 정보(한국편)CIA의 세계 정보(한국편)마리암 부디아 (Mariam Budia),『한국: 하늘이 내린 한 폭의 그림』, 서울: 트랜스라틴 19호 (2012년 3월)대한민국ehehehehehehehehehehehehehehWorldCat132441370n791268020000 0001 2308 81034078029-6026373548cb11863345f(데이터)00573706ge128495

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고조선원삼국 시대삼국 시대남북국 시대후삼국 시대고려조선대한제국일제 강점기대한민국 임시 정부한반도 분단미군정개요제1공화국제2공화국제3공화국제4공화국제5공화국제6공화국4.3 사건6.25 전쟁4.19 혁명5.16 쿠테타한강의 기적부마 항쟁10.26 사태12.12 사태광주 민주화 운동6월 항쟁1988년 서울올림픽IMF 외환...
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