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How could I debug sshd taking several minutes to start?



Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)
2019 Community Moderator Election Results
Why I closed the “Why is Kali so hard” questionVirtualbox seamless mode in Bodhi LinuxHow do I start a virtual machine in background upon OSX system start?arch Linux boots into grub command linePasswordless login only works using directly invoked sshd on serverCentOS7 server VirtualBox guest on Ubuntu 15.10 screen issueWhy is it taking so long to establish a LAN connection on boot?What network settings need to be changed in order to access my guest oracle linux pre-built VM from my host?Prevent maximised window from using top few lines of the screen, in kdeDesktop doesn't lock when running VirtualboxUbuntu VirtualBox stuck before login screen



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1















I use a VM with ssh and X forwarding to run certain applications. When launching the VirtualBox VM, it takes several minutes for ssh to come online, even though the machine is at the desktop environment's login prompt in no time. The machine does not use a lot of resources (CPU, network) while sshd is starting.



Other things that might need to understand the issue:



  • The host is a Debian Buster (testing) system running OpenSSH_7.9p1 Debian-1, OpenSSL 1.1.1 11 Sep 2018

  • When I log in on the desktop environment, it also takes a bit, but usually not multiple minutes. It accepts my login (or tells me I typo'd) immediately and switches to a blank screen, but takes a while to show the actual desktop.

  • Once the desktop is shown and I can start to debug the issue, the issue has disappeared: sshd invariably works when the desktop environment has loaded. They both seem to block on the same thing.

  • While sshd is not yet up, the system responds with "connection refused", i.e. it can reach the host and port, but sshd seems not to have bound to it.

  • I can also ping the host, immediately from the moment the boot screen changes to the desktop environment's login prompt. The system seems fully ready, except sshd does not start (or bind to the interface).

Switching to a virtual terminal does not work because it switches to a virtual terminal of my host system, even if set the keyboard to be captured. I could prevent the desktop env from booting and get a terminal immediately, but I only have a short amount of time (2-3 minutes I'd say) so I would have to reboot after every few commands or know where to look in order to figure it out.



How could I debug this issue effectively? Is there a likely cause that I could check?










share|improve this question



















  • 1





    maybe dns resolve error.

    – Ipor Sircer
    Nov 22 '18 at 9:29











  • @IporSircer I was thinking DNS might be it, but what could I do to fix it? Resolvconf seems to work correctly as, after booting, dns works fine.

    – Luc
    Nov 22 '18 at 9:50











  • It seems that I have the same problem: Debian in a VM, takes more than a minutes to start sshd. I tried tuning it via /etc/ssh/sshd_conf, disabling DNS lookup, added verbose logs, etc. but it is still slow and I am not sure what is causing it. It looks like sshd starts to print logs (in /var/log/auth.log) only after it has been fully started, so it does not help much in decided why it is starting so slow.

    – dying_sphynx
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:26











  • The interesting thing is that when I login into that Debian VM (i.e. type my login and password in the terminal), then it start quicker: "Startup finished in 2.878s (kernel) + 9.890s (userspace)" (in /var/log/daemon.log). But if I just start the VM without logging in and want to log in via SSH from my main machine, sshd starts for more than a minute (I can see it in /var/log/daemon.log again). It seems like logging in causes it to start quicker (perhaps some other service, like networking starts as soon as one logs in, I don't know)

    – dying_sphynx
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:32











  • @dying_sphynx That sounds 100% like what I'm seeing. I haven't had a chance to debug this issue yet, maybe next week. I'll keep you posted if I do!

    – Luc
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:51

















1















I use a VM with ssh and X forwarding to run certain applications. When launching the VirtualBox VM, it takes several minutes for ssh to come online, even though the machine is at the desktop environment's login prompt in no time. The machine does not use a lot of resources (CPU, network) while sshd is starting.



Other things that might need to understand the issue:



  • The host is a Debian Buster (testing) system running OpenSSH_7.9p1 Debian-1, OpenSSL 1.1.1 11 Sep 2018

  • When I log in on the desktop environment, it also takes a bit, but usually not multiple minutes. It accepts my login (or tells me I typo'd) immediately and switches to a blank screen, but takes a while to show the actual desktop.

  • Once the desktop is shown and I can start to debug the issue, the issue has disappeared: sshd invariably works when the desktop environment has loaded. They both seem to block on the same thing.

  • While sshd is not yet up, the system responds with "connection refused", i.e. it can reach the host and port, but sshd seems not to have bound to it.

  • I can also ping the host, immediately from the moment the boot screen changes to the desktop environment's login prompt. The system seems fully ready, except sshd does not start (or bind to the interface).

Switching to a virtual terminal does not work because it switches to a virtual terminal of my host system, even if set the keyboard to be captured. I could prevent the desktop env from booting and get a terminal immediately, but I only have a short amount of time (2-3 minutes I'd say) so I would have to reboot after every few commands or know where to look in order to figure it out.



How could I debug this issue effectively? Is there a likely cause that I could check?










share|improve this question



















  • 1





    maybe dns resolve error.

    – Ipor Sircer
    Nov 22 '18 at 9:29











  • @IporSircer I was thinking DNS might be it, but what could I do to fix it? Resolvconf seems to work correctly as, after booting, dns works fine.

    – Luc
    Nov 22 '18 at 9:50











  • It seems that I have the same problem: Debian in a VM, takes more than a minutes to start sshd. I tried tuning it via /etc/ssh/sshd_conf, disabling DNS lookup, added verbose logs, etc. but it is still slow and I am not sure what is causing it. It looks like sshd starts to print logs (in /var/log/auth.log) only after it has been fully started, so it does not help much in decided why it is starting so slow.

    – dying_sphynx
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:26











  • The interesting thing is that when I login into that Debian VM (i.e. type my login and password in the terminal), then it start quicker: "Startup finished in 2.878s (kernel) + 9.890s (userspace)" (in /var/log/daemon.log). But if I just start the VM without logging in and want to log in via SSH from my main machine, sshd starts for more than a minute (I can see it in /var/log/daemon.log again). It seems like logging in causes it to start quicker (perhaps some other service, like networking starts as soon as one logs in, I don't know)

    – dying_sphynx
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:32











  • @dying_sphynx That sounds 100% like what I'm seeing. I haven't had a chance to debug this issue yet, maybe next week. I'll keep you posted if I do!

    – Luc
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:51













1












1








1


1






I use a VM with ssh and X forwarding to run certain applications. When launching the VirtualBox VM, it takes several minutes for ssh to come online, even though the machine is at the desktop environment's login prompt in no time. The machine does not use a lot of resources (CPU, network) while sshd is starting.



Other things that might need to understand the issue:



  • The host is a Debian Buster (testing) system running OpenSSH_7.9p1 Debian-1, OpenSSL 1.1.1 11 Sep 2018

  • When I log in on the desktop environment, it also takes a bit, but usually not multiple minutes. It accepts my login (or tells me I typo'd) immediately and switches to a blank screen, but takes a while to show the actual desktop.

  • Once the desktop is shown and I can start to debug the issue, the issue has disappeared: sshd invariably works when the desktop environment has loaded. They both seem to block on the same thing.

  • While sshd is not yet up, the system responds with "connection refused", i.e. it can reach the host and port, but sshd seems not to have bound to it.

  • I can also ping the host, immediately from the moment the boot screen changes to the desktop environment's login prompt. The system seems fully ready, except sshd does not start (or bind to the interface).

Switching to a virtual terminal does not work because it switches to a virtual terminal of my host system, even if set the keyboard to be captured. I could prevent the desktop env from booting and get a terminal immediately, but I only have a short amount of time (2-3 minutes I'd say) so I would have to reboot after every few commands or know where to look in order to figure it out.



How could I debug this issue effectively? Is there a likely cause that I could check?










share|improve this question
















I use a VM with ssh and X forwarding to run certain applications. When launching the VirtualBox VM, it takes several minutes for ssh to come online, even though the machine is at the desktop environment's login prompt in no time. The machine does not use a lot of resources (CPU, network) while sshd is starting.



Other things that might need to understand the issue:



  • The host is a Debian Buster (testing) system running OpenSSH_7.9p1 Debian-1, OpenSSL 1.1.1 11 Sep 2018

  • When I log in on the desktop environment, it also takes a bit, but usually not multiple minutes. It accepts my login (or tells me I typo'd) immediately and switches to a blank screen, but takes a while to show the actual desktop.

  • Once the desktop is shown and I can start to debug the issue, the issue has disappeared: sshd invariably works when the desktop environment has loaded. They both seem to block on the same thing.

  • While sshd is not yet up, the system responds with "connection refused", i.e. it can reach the host and port, but sshd seems not to have bound to it.

  • I can also ping the host, immediately from the moment the boot screen changes to the desktop environment's login prompt. The system seems fully ready, except sshd does not start (or bind to the interface).

Switching to a virtual terminal does not work because it switches to a virtual terminal of my host system, even if set the keyboard to be captured. I could prevent the desktop env from booting and get a terminal immediately, but I only have a short amount of time (2-3 minutes I'd say) so I would have to reboot after every few commands or know where to look in order to figure it out.



How could I debug this issue effectively? Is there a likely cause that I could check?







networking boot virtualbox openssh sshd






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Nov 24 '18 at 18:48









Rui F Ribeiro

42.1k1484142




42.1k1484142










asked Nov 22 '18 at 9:21









LucLuc

1,00411021




1,00411021







  • 1





    maybe dns resolve error.

    – Ipor Sircer
    Nov 22 '18 at 9:29











  • @IporSircer I was thinking DNS might be it, but what could I do to fix it? Resolvconf seems to work correctly as, after booting, dns works fine.

    – Luc
    Nov 22 '18 at 9:50











  • It seems that I have the same problem: Debian in a VM, takes more than a minutes to start sshd. I tried tuning it via /etc/ssh/sshd_conf, disabling DNS lookup, added verbose logs, etc. but it is still slow and I am not sure what is causing it. It looks like sshd starts to print logs (in /var/log/auth.log) only after it has been fully started, so it does not help much in decided why it is starting so slow.

    – dying_sphynx
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:26











  • The interesting thing is that when I login into that Debian VM (i.e. type my login and password in the terminal), then it start quicker: "Startup finished in 2.878s (kernel) + 9.890s (userspace)" (in /var/log/daemon.log). But if I just start the VM without logging in and want to log in via SSH from my main machine, sshd starts for more than a minute (I can see it in /var/log/daemon.log again). It seems like logging in causes it to start quicker (perhaps some other service, like networking starts as soon as one logs in, I don't know)

    – dying_sphynx
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:32











  • @dying_sphynx That sounds 100% like what I'm seeing. I haven't had a chance to debug this issue yet, maybe next week. I'll keep you posted if I do!

    – Luc
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:51












  • 1





    maybe dns resolve error.

    – Ipor Sircer
    Nov 22 '18 at 9:29











  • @IporSircer I was thinking DNS might be it, but what could I do to fix it? Resolvconf seems to work correctly as, after booting, dns works fine.

    – Luc
    Nov 22 '18 at 9:50











  • It seems that I have the same problem: Debian in a VM, takes more than a minutes to start sshd. I tried tuning it via /etc/ssh/sshd_conf, disabling DNS lookup, added verbose logs, etc. but it is still slow and I am not sure what is causing it. It looks like sshd starts to print logs (in /var/log/auth.log) only after it has been fully started, so it does not help much in decided why it is starting so slow.

    – dying_sphynx
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:26











  • The interesting thing is that when I login into that Debian VM (i.e. type my login and password in the terminal), then it start quicker: "Startup finished in 2.878s (kernel) + 9.890s (userspace)" (in /var/log/daemon.log). But if I just start the VM without logging in and want to log in via SSH from my main machine, sshd starts for more than a minute (I can see it in /var/log/daemon.log again). It seems like logging in causes it to start quicker (perhaps some other service, like networking starts as soon as one logs in, I don't know)

    – dying_sphynx
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:32











  • @dying_sphynx That sounds 100% like what I'm seeing. I haven't had a chance to debug this issue yet, maybe next week. I'll keep you posted if I do!

    – Luc
    Dec 11 '18 at 10:51







1




1





maybe dns resolve error.

– Ipor Sircer
Nov 22 '18 at 9:29





maybe dns resolve error.

– Ipor Sircer
Nov 22 '18 at 9:29













@IporSircer I was thinking DNS might be it, but what could I do to fix it? Resolvconf seems to work correctly as, after booting, dns works fine.

– Luc
Nov 22 '18 at 9:50





@IporSircer I was thinking DNS might be it, but what could I do to fix it? Resolvconf seems to work correctly as, after booting, dns works fine.

– Luc
Nov 22 '18 at 9:50













It seems that I have the same problem: Debian in a VM, takes more than a minutes to start sshd. I tried tuning it via /etc/ssh/sshd_conf, disabling DNS lookup, added verbose logs, etc. but it is still slow and I am not sure what is causing it. It looks like sshd starts to print logs (in /var/log/auth.log) only after it has been fully started, so it does not help much in decided why it is starting so slow.

– dying_sphynx
Dec 11 '18 at 10:26





It seems that I have the same problem: Debian in a VM, takes more than a minutes to start sshd. I tried tuning it via /etc/ssh/sshd_conf, disabling DNS lookup, added verbose logs, etc. but it is still slow and I am not sure what is causing it. It looks like sshd starts to print logs (in /var/log/auth.log) only after it has been fully started, so it does not help much in decided why it is starting so slow.

– dying_sphynx
Dec 11 '18 at 10:26













The interesting thing is that when I login into that Debian VM (i.e. type my login and password in the terminal), then it start quicker: "Startup finished in 2.878s (kernel) + 9.890s (userspace)" (in /var/log/daemon.log). But if I just start the VM without logging in and want to log in via SSH from my main machine, sshd starts for more than a minute (I can see it in /var/log/daemon.log again). It seems like logging in causes it to start quicker (perhaps some other service, like networking starts as soon as one logs in, I don't know)

– dying_sphynx
Dec 11 '18 at 10:32





The interesting thing is that when I login into that Debian VM (i.e. type my login and password in the terminal), then it start quicker: "Startup finished in 2.878s (kernel) + 9.890s (userspace)" (in /var/log/daemon.log). But if I just start the VM without logging in and want to log in via SSH from my main machine, sshd starts for more than a minute (I can see it in /var/log/daemon.log again). It seems like logging in causes it to start quicker (perhaps some other service, like networking starts as soon as one logs in, I don't know)

– dying_sphynx
Dec 11 '18 at 10:32













@dying_sphynx That sounds 100% like what I'm seeing. I haven't had a chance to debug this issue yet, maybe next week. I'll keep you posted if I do!

– Luc
Dec 11 '18 at 10:51





@dying_sphynx That sounds 100% like what I'm seeing. I haven't had a chance to debug this issue yet, maybe next week. I'll keep you posted if I do!

– Luc
Dec 11 '18 at 10:51










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















1














Most likely lack of entropy. In the comments, you have confirmed that doing some activity on the box makes sshd start quicker - that happens because your activity contributes to the entropy sources.



Install (and make sure it gets started) haveged (or, in older distributions, rngd).






share|improve this answer

























  • I hadn't thought of that as a possible cause, and that would indeed match the symptoms! As far as I know, though, Debian saves an entropy file on shutdown. I'll investigate at work next week. (Though the issue seems to have resolved itself at some point after installing updates, I still have an old VM to test with. If this was the issue, I'll mark the answer as accepted of course.)

    – Luc
    Apr 13 at 19:07












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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









1














Most likely lack of entropy. In the comments, you have confirmed that doing some activity on the box makes sshd start quicker - that happens because your activity contributes to the entropy sources.



Install (and make sure it gets started) haveged (or, in older distributions, rngd).






share|improve this answer

























  • I hadn't thought of that as a possible cause, and that would indeed match the symptoms! As far as I know, though, Debian saves an entropy file on shutdown. I'll investigate at work next week. (Though the issue seems to have resolved itself at some point after installing updates, I still have an old VM to test with. If this was the issue, I'll mark the answer as accepted of course.)

    – Luc
    Apr 13 at 19:07
















1














Most likely lack of entropy. In the comments, you have confirmed that doing some activity on the box makes sshd start quicker - that happens because your activity contributes to the entropy sources.



Install (and make sure it gets started) haveged (or, in older distributions, rngd).






share|improve this answer

























  • I hadn't thought of that as a possible cause, and that would indeed match the symptoms! As far as I know, though, Debian saves an entropy file on shutdown. I'll investigate at work next week. (Though the issue seems to have resolved itself at some point after installing updates, I still have an old VM to test with. If this was the issue, I'll mark the answer as accepted of course.)

    – Luc
    Apr 13 at 19:07














1












1








1







Most likely lack of entropy. In the comments, you have confirmed that doing some activity on the box makes sshd start quicker - that happens because your activity contributes to the entropy sources.



Install (and make sure it gets started) haveged (or, in older distributions, rngd).






share|improve this answer















Most likely lack of entropy. In the comments, you have confirmed that doing some activity on the box makes sshd start quicker - that happens because your activity contributes to the entropy sources.



Install (and make sure it gets started) haveged (or, in older distributions, rngd).







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited Apr 13 at 19:24

























answered Apr 13 at 17:31









RichlvRichlv

405311




405311












  • I hadn't thought of that as a possible cause, and that would indeed match the symptoms! As far as I know, though, Debian saves an entropy file on shutdown. I'll investigate at work next week. (Though the issue seems to have resolved itself at some point after installing updates, I still have an old VM to test with. If this was the issue, I'll mark the answer as accepted of course.)

    – Luc
    Apr 13 at 19:07


















  • I hadn't thought of that as a possible cause, and that would indeed match the symptoms! As far as I know, though, Debian saves an entropy file on shutdown. I'll investigate at work next week. (Though the issue seems to have resolved itself at some point after installing updates, I still have an old VM to test with. If this was the issue, I'll mark the answer as accepted of course.)

    – Luc
    Apr 13 at 19:07

















I hadn't thought of that as a possible cause, and that would indeed match the symptoms! As far as I know, though, Debian saves an entropy file on shutdown. I'll investigate at work next week. (Though the issue seems to have resolved itself at some point after installing updates, I still have an old VM to test with. If this was the issue, I'll mark the answer as accepted of course.)

– Luc
Apr 13 at 19:07






I hadn't thought of that as a possible cause, and that would indeed match the symptoms! As far as I know, though, Debian saves an entropy file on shutdown. I'll investigate at work next week. (Though the issue seems to have resolved itself at some point after installing updates, I still have an old VM to test with. If this was the issue, I'll mark the answer as accepted of course.)

– Luc
Apr 13 at 19:07


















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대한민국 목차 국명 지리 역사 정치 국방 경제 사회 문화 국제 순위 관련 항목 각주 외부 링크 둘러보기 메뉴북위 37° 34′ 08″ 동경 126° 58′ 36″ / 북위 37.568889° 동경 126.976667°  / 37.568889; 126.976667ehThe Korean Repository문단을 편집문단을 편집추가해Clarkson PLC 사Report for Selected Countries and Subjects-Korea“Human Development Index and its components: P.198”“http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95”"한국은 국제법상 한반도 유일 합법정부 아니다" - 오마이뉴스 모바일Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: South Korea격동의 역사와 함께한 조선일보 90년 : 조선일보 인수해 혁신시킨 신석우, 임시정부 때는 '대한민국' 국호(國號) 정해《우리가 몰랐던 우리 역사: 나라 이름의 비밀을 찾아가는 역사 여행》“남북 공식호칭 ‘남한’‘북한’으로 쓴다”“Corea 대 Korea, 누가 이긴 거야?”국내기후자료 - 한국[김대중 前 대통령 서거] 과감한 구조개혁 'DJ노믹스'로 최단기간 환란극복 :: 네이버 뉴스“이라크 "韓-쿠르드 유전개발 MOU 승인 안해"(종합)”“해외 우리국민 추방사례 43%가 일본”차기전차 K2'흑표'의 세계 최고 전력 분석, 쿠키뉴스 엄기영, 2007-03-02두산인프라, 헬기잡는 장갑차 'K21'...내년부터 공급, 고뉴스 이대준, 2008-10-30과거 내용 찾기mk 뉴스 - 구매력 기준으로 보면 한국 1인당 소득 3만弗과거 내용 찾기"The N-11: More Than an Acronym"Archived조선일보 최우석, 2008-11-01Global 500 2008: Countries - South Korea“몇년째 '시한폭탄'... 가계부채, 올해는 터질까”가구당 부채 5000만원 처음 넘어서“‘빚’으로 내몰리는 사회.. 위기의 가계대출”“[경제365] 공공부문 부채 급증…800조 육박”“"소득 양극화 다소 완화...불평등은 여전"”“공정사회·공생발전 한참 멀었네”iSuppli,08年2QのDRAMシェア・ランキングを発表(08/8/11)South Korea dominates shipbuilding industry | Stock Market News & Stocks to Watch from StraightStocks한국 자동차 생산, 3년 연속 세계 5위자동차수출 '현대-삼성 웃고 기아-대우-쌍용은 울고' 과거 내용 찾기동반성장위 창립 1주년 맞아Archived"중기적합 3개업종 합의 무시한 채 선정"李대통령, 사업 무분별 확장 소상공인 생계 위협 질타삼성-LG, 서민업종인 빵·분식사업 잇따라 철수상생은 뒷전…SSM ‘몸집 불리기’ 혈안Archived“경부고속도에 '아시안하이웨이' 표지판”'철의 실크로드' 앞서 '말(言)의 실크로드'부터, 프레시안 정창현, 2008-10-01“'서울 지하철은 안전한가?'”“서울시 “올해 안에 모든 지하철역 스크린도어 설치””“부산지하철 1,2호선 승강장 안전펜스 설치 완료”“전교조, 정부 노조 통계서 처음 빠져”“[Weekly BIZ] 도요타 '제로 이사회'가 리콜 사태 불러들였다”“S Korea slams high tuition costs”““정치가 여론 양극화 부채질… 합리주의 절실””“〈"`촛불집회'는 민주주의의 질적 변화 상징"〉”““촛불집회가 민주주의 왜곡 초래””“국민 65%, "한국 노사관계 대립적"”“한국 국가경쟁력 27위‥노사관계 '꼴찌'”“제대로 형성되지 않은 대한민국 이념지형”“[신년기획-갈등의 시대] 갈등지수 OECD 4위…사회적 손실 GDP 27% 무려 300조”“2012 총선-대선의 키워드는 '국민과 소통'”“한국 삶의 질 27위, 2000년과 2008년 연속 하위권 머물러”“[해피 코리아] 행복점수 68점…해외 평가선 '낙제점'”“한국 어린이·청소년 행복지수 3년 연속 OECD ‘꼴찌’”“한국 이혼율 OECD중 8위”“[통계청] 한국 이혼율 OECD 4위”“오피니언 [이렇게 생각한다] `부부의 날` 에 돌아본 이혼율 1위 한국”“Suicide Rates by Country, Global Health Observatory Data Repository.”“1. 또 다른 차별”“오피니언 [편집자에게] '왕따'와 '패거리 정치' 심리는 닮은꼴”“[미래한국리포트] 무한경쟁에 빠진 대한민국”“대학생 98% "외모가 경쟁력이라는 말 동의"”“특급호텔 웨딩·200만원대 유모차… "남보다 더…" 호화病, 고질병 됐다”“[스트레스 공화국] ① 경쟁사회, 스트레스 쌓인다”““매일 30여명 자살 한국, 의사보다 무속인에…””“"자살 부르는 '우울증', 환자 중 85% 치료 안 받아"”“정신병원을 가다”“대한민국도 ‘묻지마 범죄’,안전지대 아니다”“유엔 "학생 '성적 지향'에 따른 차별 금지하라"”“유엔아동권리위원회 보고서 및 번역본 원문”“고졸 성공스토리 담은 '제빵왕 김탁구' 드라마 나온다”“‘빛 좋은 개살구’ 고졸 취업…실습 대신 착취”원본 문서“정신건강, 사회적 편견부터 고쳐드립니다”‘소통’과 ‘행복’에 목 마른 사회가 잠들어 있던 ‘심리학’ 깨웠다“[포토] 사유리-곽금주 교수의 유쾌한 심리상담”“"올해 한국인 평균 영화관람횟수 세계 1위"(종합)”“[게임연중기획] 게임은 문화다-여가활동 1순위 게임”“영화속 ‘영어 지상주의’ …“왠지 씁쓸한데””“2월 `신문 부수 인증기관` 지정..방송법 후속작업”“무료신문 성장동력 ‘차별성’과 ‘갈등해소’”대한민국 국회 법률지식정보시스템"Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: South Korea"“amp;vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&path=인구·가구%20>%20인구총조사%20>%20인구부문%20>%20 총조사인구(2005)%20>%20전수부문&oper_YN=Y&item=&keyword=종교별%20인구& amp;lang_mode=kor&list_id= 2005년 통계청 인구 총조사”원본 문서“한국인이 좋아하는 취미와 운동 (2004-2009)”“한국인이 좋아하는 취미와 운동 (2004-2014)”Archived“한국, `부분적 언론자유국' 강등〈프리덤하우스〉”“국경없는기자회 "한국, 인터넷감시 대상국"”“한국, 조선산업 1위 유지(S. Korea Stays Top Shipbuilding Nation) RZD-Partner Portal”원본 문서“한국, 4년 만에 ‘선박건조 1위’”“옛 마산시,인터넷속도 세계 1위”“"한국 초고속 인터넷망 세계1위"”“인터넷·휴대폰 요금, 외국보다 훨씬 비싸”“한국 관세행정 6년 연속 세계 '1위'”“한국 교통사고 사망자 수 OECD 회원국 중 2위”“결핵 후진국' 한국, 환자가 급증한 이유는”“수술은 신중해야… 자칫하면 생명 위협”대한민국분류대한민국의 지도대한민국 정부대표 다국어포털대한민국 전자정부대한민국 국회한국방송공사about korea and information korea브리태니커 백과사전(한국편)론리플래닛의 정보(한국편)CIA의 세계 정보(한국편)마리암 부디아 (Mariam Budia),『한국: 하늘이 내린 한 폭의 그림』, 서울: 트랜스라틴 19호 (2012년 3월)대한민국ehehehehehehehehehehehehehehWorldCat132441370n791268020000 0001 2308 81034078029-6026373548cb11863345f(데이터)00573706ge128495